GPlates 2.0 software and data sets

GPlates is a free desktop software for the interactive visualisation of plate-tectonics. The compilation and documentation of GPlates 2.0 data was primarily funded by AuScope National Collaborative Research Infrastructure (NCRIS).

GPlates is developed by an international team of scientists and professional software developers at the EarthByte Project (part of AuScope) at the University of Sydney, the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences (GPS) at CalTech, the Geodynamics team at the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) and the Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED) at the University of Oslo.

Data by the EarthByte Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Please cite the references listed on this page when using GPlates 2.0 data sets.

Download the latest version of GPlates here – link
View the latest GPlates user manual here – lin
Download the latest GPlates tutorials here – link
Download standard file formats for GPlates here – link
Download list of plate IDs used in GPlates here – pdf
Read GPlates News, a quarterly update available here

GPlates-compatible data files – Features

Below is a list of GPlates-compatible data files that can be loaded seamlessly in GPlates. The feature data are available as .gpml (GPlates Markup Language), .dat (PLATES4), .shp (ESRI Shapefile) and .xy (lon, lat with header record) formats.

EarthByte Global Rotation Model

EarthByte Coastlines

EarthByte Continental Polygons

EarthByte Global Continent-Ocean Boundaries

EarthByte Dynamic Polygons

EarthByte Flowlines

EarthByte Gridmarks

EarthByte Hotspots

EarthByte Isochron File

EarthByte Paleomagnetic Data

EarthByte Seafloor Fabric

EarthByte Global Spreading Ridge File

EarthByte Static Polygons

GPlates-compatible data files – Rasters

Below is a list of GPlates-compatible present-day rasters and time-dependent raster images that can be loaded seamlessly in GPlates. The raster data are available as a series of jpgs.

Global Present Day Agegrid

Global Topography

Global Free Air Gravity Anomalies

Vertical Gravity Gradient (VGG)

Bouguer Gravity Anomalies

Isostatic Gravity Anomalies

Global Magnetic Anomalies (EMAG2)

Global Geology

Crustal Thickness

Crustal Strain

Time-dependent Rasters

Global Age-coded Slabs in P-wave Tomography

Colour Palette (CPT) Files

Included in the GPlates sample data are six Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) compatible colour palettes that can be used in GPlates. These included seafloor age, feature age, isochrons and ridges and plate ID – categorical and regular.

About the GPlates 2.0 Sample Data

GPlates 2.0 is packaged with a range of sample data sets that allow users to quickly and easily get up-and-running with plate tectonic reconstructions.

The below information details the sources of these data and relevant citations. Data by the EarthByte Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. When using GPlates and the sample data to make figures for publications, we recommend citing the original data sources as indicated below.

Features

EarthByte Global Rotation Model

The sample data includes the Matthews et al. (2016) rotation file, which contains a compilation of reconstruction poles that describe the motions of the continents and oceans. These rotations are a synthesis of many previous studies; each line in the rotation file lists the original source of the corresponding pole of rotation. Many of these original sources are listed within the Matthews et al. (2016) paper listed below.

The feature data provided (detailed below) are compatible with this rotation file.

Citation:

Matthews, K. J., Maloney, K. T., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S. E., Seton, M., and Müller, R. D., 2016, Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late Paleozoic: Global and Planetary Change, DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.10.002.

Download EarthByte Global Rotation Model from the Features list

EarthByte Coastlines

The coastline data is derived from the Global Self-consistent Hierarchical High-resolution Geography (GSHHG) dataset, Version 2.3.3. This dataset is an amalgamation of three databases in the public domain: World Vector Shorelines (WVS), CIA World Data Bank II (WDBII), Atlas of the Cryosphere (AC).

The GSHHS coastline data exists in five resolutions: full, high, intermediate, low and crude – each successively reduced by 80%. These will become available in PowerUser to be released at a later date.

In the Sample Data, the coastlines included are a simplified version of the high resolution GSHHS coastline. This simplification was done using ArcGIS with simplification tolerance of 0.05 decimal degrees (minimum Area: 100 Square km).

The simplified GSHHG polygon and polyline coastline have been made consistent with Matthews et al. (2016).
For more information on GSHHG click here.

Citations:

Bohlander, J. and Scambos, T. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA), Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center.

Gorny, A. J. 1977. World Data Bank II General User GuideRep. PB 271869, 10pp, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC.

Seton, M., Müller, R.D., Zahirovic, S., Gaina, C., Torsvik, T. H., Shephard, G., Talsma, A., Gurnis, M., Turner, M., Maus, S., and Chandler, M. 2012. Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200 Ma, Earth-Science Reviews, 113: 212-270, DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.002.

Soluri, E. A., and Woodson, V. A. 1990. World Vector Shoreline, Int. Hydrograph. Rev., LXVII(1), 27-35.

Wessel, P., and Smith, W. H. F. 1996. A global, self-consistent, hierarchical, high-resolution shoreline database, J. Geophysical Res., 101(B4), 8741-8743.

Download EarthByte Coastlines from the Features list

EarthByte Continental Polygons

The continental polygons are a set of data containing the continental lithosphere only (consistent with the static polygons described below). These are consistent with Matthews et al. (2016).

Download EarthByte Continental Polygons from the Features list

EarthByte Global Continent-Ocean Boundaries

The present day Global Continent-Ocean Boundary (COB) Dataset from Müller et al. (2016) are represented as lines along passive margins and do not include active margins. The timescale used is Gee and Kent (2007). The COBs are consistent with Matthews et al. (2016).

Citation:

Müller, R.D., Seton, M., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S.E., Matthews, K.J., Wright, N.M., Shephard, G.E., Maloney, K.T., Barnett-Moore, N., Hosseinpour, M., Bower, D.J. & Cannon, J. 2016. Ocean Basin Evolution and Global-Scale Plate Reorganization Events Since Pangea Breakup, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol. 44, pp. 107 . DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012211.

Download EarthByte Continent-Ocean Boundaries from the Features list

EarthByte Dynamic Polygons

A topological network of plate polygons with dynamic geometries are provided for the last 410 Ma. These data are provided in gpml (GPlates native) format and so require GPlates to be effectively visualised. Further information of this collection of data can be found here. The Dynamic polygons are consistent with Matthews et al. (2016).

Download EarthByte Dynamic Polygons from the Features list

EarthByte Flowlines

This directory contains examples of plate motion “flowlines” across the Atlantic Ocean that have been generated in GPlates. The directory contains a .gpml file which contains seed points at several locations along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. When loaded with a rotation file the flowlines will be drawn to reflect the relative motion between the plate pair either side of the mid ocean ridge.

The flowlines will be reconstructed according to the rotation file that is loaded when they are opened but were created using a ridge axis location that is consistent with Matthews et al. (2016).

Download EarthByte Flowlines from the Features list

EarthByte Grid Marks

The grid marks included in the Sample Data have been cookie-cut using the Matthews et al. (2016) model.

Download EarthByte Grid Marks from the Features list

EarthByte Hotspots

The hotspot/plume locations are represented as points and are split in Pacific and Indo/Atlantic domains. Locations were compiled from Montelli et al. (2004), Courtillot et al. (2003), Steinberger et al. (2000) and Anderson and Schramm (2005). Plumes closer than 500 km were combined into an averaged location.

Citation:

Whittaker, J. M., Williams, S. E., Masterton, S. M., Afonso, J. C., Seton, M., Landgrebe, T.C., Coffin, M.F., Müller, R.D. 2013. Interactions among plumes, mantle circulation and mid-ocean ridges, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.

Download EarthByte Hotspots from the Features list

EarthByte Isochron File

This directory contains the Müller et al. (2016) Ocean Floor Isochron Dataset. The isochrons are represented as lines and do not include reconstructed isochrons. The timescale used is Gee and Kent (2007). They are consistent with Matthews et al. (2016).

Citation:

Download EarthByte Isochron File from the Features list

EarthByte Paleomagnetic Data

The paleomagnetism data sets are from the IAGA Global Paleomagnetic Database. The data are provided in GMAP VGP format, and GPML format. Both file formats can be read by GPlates.

Citation:

Torsvik, T.H., Müller, R.D., Van der Voo, R., Steinberger, B. and Gaina, C., 2008. Global Plate Motion Frames: Toward a unified model. Reviews of Geophysics, 46, RG3004, doi:10.1029/2007RG000227.

Download EarthByte Paleomagnetic Data from the Features list

EarthByte Seafloor Fabric

The ‘SeafloorFabric’ folder within the sample data contains a set of geometries that define the tectonic fabric of the world’s oceans. The data are taken from a global community data set of fracture zones (FZs), discordant zones, propagating ridges, V-shaped structures and extinct ridges, digitized from vertical gravity gradient (VGG) maps. More information on the tectonic fabric of the ocean basins can be found here.

Citation:
Matthews, K. J., Müller, R. D., Wessel, P., Whittaker, J. M. 2011. The tectonic fabric of the ocean basins, The Journal of Geophysical Research. Doi: 10.1029/2011JB008413.

Download EarthByte Seafloor Fabric from the Features list

EarthByte Global Spreading Ridge File

The Matthews et al. (2016) spreading ridge dataset includes present day spreading ridges and extinct ridges, which are represented as lines. The timescale used is Gee and Kent (2007).

Citation:

Download EarthByte Global Spreading Ridge File from the Features list

EarthByte Static Polygons

Static polygons allow plate IDs to be assigned to other sets of data and to reconstruct raster data. These polygons, and the set of isochrons defining the age of the ocean floor.

Citation:

Download EarthByte Static Polygons from the Features list

Rasters

Note: the resolution of the provided rasters has been limited to reduce the file size of the GPlates package. The original data sets are available in higher resolutions from links provided.

Each raster has at least two associated files, a .jpg/.png/.tif image file AND also a GPlates .gpml file. For easiest results, open the .gpml file in GPlates. GPlates will then generate some cache files that help it display the raster. Generating the cache files takes up some hard drive space and can take a minute to generate them the first time the rasters are loaded. Each subsequent loading of the raster using the .gpml file will be quicker, as GPlates will use the already-generated cache files. The Seafloor_Age_Grid contains a third .gproj file which is the best one to load this raster. Also contained in each of these folders is a Legend image which gives an indication what the colours refer to.

The quickest way to load these rasters in GPlates is to use the File > Open Feature Collection and point to the .gpml file on your machine. Alternatively, you can also click and drag the .gpml file onto the globe in the GPlates main window. The general approach to loading your own rasters in GPlates is to do the following:

1. Open GPlates
2. Pull down the GPlates File menu, select Import and then select Import Raster
3. Navigate to and click on the appropriate file
4. Leave the default to be “band_1” and click Continue
5. Specify the geographic extent (unless it is a NETCDF numerical grid where that information is automatically detected) and click Continue
6. Click Done to create a new feature collection, and GPlates will create a .gpml file following the name of the raster

Note: When importing your own raster, GPlates will automatically generate a GPML file. To save time, next time you can just load the GPML file, and thus skip the import raster step. When loading rasters for the first time, GPlates may take a few minutes to generate the cache files that will enable efficient viewing. These only need to be generated once, however, if they are deleted, they will be re-generated.

In order to reconstruct these features, you will need to load in the underlying rotation model (.rot file) cookie-cut the data using the Static Polygon files, which can be downloaded above.

Global Present Day Age Grid

NetCDF numerical grid of seafloor age consistent with the Muller et al. (2016) produced by the EarthByte group with 6 arc minute resolution. It is best to open the Project (.gproj), as this will import the correct colour palette settings. As this is a grid file (.grd) no legend is required, however, this is accessible from the GPlates Layers dialogue.

Citation:

Download Global Present Day Agegrid from the Rasters list

Global Topography

Colour grid of present-day 1 arc minute resolution topography (ETOPO1) from Amante et al. (2009), with white regions representing ice sheets. This is available from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). More information, and the original data in a variety of grid formats, can be found here.

Citation:
Amante, C. and Eakins, B. W. 2009. ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24, 19.

Download Global Topography from the Rasters list

Global Free Air Gravity Anomalies

The image of free air gravity is generated from Sandwell et al. (2014) and from the Danish National Space Centre (DNSC). In ploar regions, north of 80N and south of 80S the gravity anomalies are from the DNSC08. For latitudes within +/- 80 degrees, the gravity model of Sandwell et al. (2014) is used. More information, as well as the original data sets in their full resolution, can be found here for the DNSC and here for Sandwell et al. (2014).

Citations:

Sandwell, D. T., Müller, R. D., Smith, W. H. F., Gracia, E. and Francis, E. 2014. New global marine gravity field model from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 reveals buried tectonic structure. Science, Vol. 346 (6205), pp. 65-67. Doi: 10.1126/science.1258213.

Andersen, O. B., Knudsen, P. and Berry, P. 2010. The DNSC08GRA global marine gravity field from double retracked satellite altimetry, Journal of Geodesy, Volume 84, Number 3. DOI: 10.1007/s00190-009-0355-9.

Andersen, O. B., 2010. The DTU10 Gravity field and Mean sea surface. Second international symposium of the gravity field of the Earth (IGFS2), Fairbanks, Alaska.

Download Global Free Air Gravity Anomalies from the Rasters list

Vertical Gravity Gradient (VGG)

The Vertical Gravity Gradient (VGG) grid is from Sandwell et al. (2014). More information, as well as the original data sets in their full resolution, can be found here for the DNSC and here for Sandwell et al. (2014).

Citations:

Sandwell, D. T., Müller, R. D., Smith, W. H. F., Gracia, E. and Francis, E. 2014. New global marine gravity field model from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 reveals buried tectonic structure. Science, Vol. 346 (6205), pp. 65-67. Doi: 10.1126/science.1258213.

Download Vertical Gravity Gradient from the Rasters list

Bouguer Gravity Anomalies

Bouguer gravity anomalies from the World Gravity Map (Balmino et al., 2012).

Citations:

Balmino, G., Vales, N., Bonvalot, S. and Briais, A., 2012. Spherical harmonic modeling to ultra-high degree of Bouguer and isostatic anomalies. Journal of Geodesy. July 2012, Volume 86, Issue 7, pp 499-520 , DOI 10.1007/s00190-011-0533-4.

Download Bouguer Gravity Anomalies from the Rasters list

Isostatic Gravity Anomalies

Isostatic gravity anomalies from the World Gravity Map (Balmino et al., 2012).

Citations:

Download Isostatic Gravity Anomalies from the Rasters list

Global Magnetic Anomalies (EMAG2)

Colour grid of magnetic anomalies from EMAG2 (Maus et al., 2009). This raster does not use the directional gridding to fill gaps, and so better represents the raw magnetic data. More information, and the original data at full resolution, can be found here.

Citation:

Maus, S., Barckhausen, U., Berkenbosch, H., Bournas, N., Brozena, J., Childers, V., Dostaler, F., Fairhead, J., Finn, C., and von Frese, R., 2009, EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 8, p. Q08005, doi:10.1029/2009GC002471.

Download Global Magnetic Anomalies from the Rasters list

Global Geology

World geological map from Bouysse (2014) published by the UNESCO CGMW program.

Citation:

Bouysse, P., 2014, Geological Map of the World at 1:35 000 000.

Download Global Geology from the Rasters list

Crustal Thickness

Crustal thickness model (CRUST 2.0) from Laske et al. (2000).

Citation:

Laske, G., Masters, G., and Reif, C., 2000, CRUST 2.0: A new global crustal model at 2×2 degrees, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, The University of California, San Diego, website: http://igppweb.ucsd.edu/~gabi/crust2.html.

Download Crustal Thickness from the Rasters list

Crustal Strain

Second invariant of strain rate from Kreemer et al. (2003).

Citation:

Kreemer, C., Holt, W. E., and Haines, A. J., 2003, An integrated global model of present-day plate motions and plate boundary deformation: Geophysical Journal International, v. 154, no. 1, p. 8-34, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01917.

Download Crustal Strain from the Rasters list

Time-dependent Raster

Global Age-coded Slabs in P-wave Tomography

GPlates also has the ability to display time-dependent rasters. These rasters can e global or regional, and the suffix to the filename is a dash or underscore followed by an integer age in millions of years before present. In the Sample Data we include a time-dependent raster of slabs age-coded from the MIT-P P-wave seismic tomography (Li et al., 2008), where slabs are assumed (on the first order) to sink vertically with a constant sinking rate. The sinking rate applied here is 3 cm/yr in the upper mantle, and 1.2 cm/yr in the lower mantle. The quickest way to visualise this dataset in GPlates is to load the. gpml file (MIT-P08-Asia-UM30 LM12.gpml) as described above.However, the first time the time-dependent rasters are loaded, GPlates will need to generate cache files for eachdepth/time layer. This process will take some minutes, and will take up a total of about 350 Mb of hard disk space. GPlates requires that the rasters follow the same file naming format, and that they are all exactly the same dimensions (pixel width and height).

Citation:

Li, C., van der Hilst, R., Engdahl, E. and Burdick, S., 2008. A new global model for P wave speed variations in Earth’s mantle. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9(5): 21, doi: 10.1029/2007GC001806.

The general approach to loading your own time-dependent rasters in GPlates is to do the following:

1. Open GPlates
2. Pull down the GPlates File menu, select Import and then select Import Time-Dependent Raster
3. You can select an entire folder by clicking the “Add directory” button, or add files by clicking the “Add files” button
4. GPlates will take some time to generate the cache files, after which you need to click Continue
5. Leave the default to be “band_1” and click Continue
7. Specify the geographic extent (unless it is a NETCDF numerical grid where that information is automatically detected) and click Continue
8. Click Done to create a new feature collection, and GPlates will create a .gpml file following the name of the time-dependent raster

Note: You will only need to load the GPML the next time you need to use the time-dependent raster, which allows you to bypass the re-import process.

Download Global Age-coded Slabs in P-wave Tomography

Any questions, please email:

Dietmar Muller: dietmar.muller@sydney.edu.au

Sabin Zahirovic: sabin.zahirovic@sydney.edu.au

Simon Williams: simon.williams@sydney.edu.au